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\nhttps:\/\/www.tn-sanso.co.jp\/gasequip\/products\/detail.html?pdid=129
\n\u5e0c\u91c8\u51b7\u51cd\u6a5f\uff08dilution refrigerator \u696d\u754c\u3067\u306f\u3001\u300c\u30c0\u30a4\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300d\uff09\u306f\u30d8\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u540c\u4f4d\u4f533He\u30684He\u306e\u6df7\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u71b1\u3092\u8f38\u9001\u3059\u308b\u88c5\u7f6e\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u6db2\u4f53\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u30d8\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u7528\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002100mK\uff08\u30df\u30ea\u30b1\u30eb\u30d3\u30f3\uff09\u306e\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3053\u308c\u304c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5019\u88dc\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u8d85\u4f1d\u5c0e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u91cf\u5b50\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5b9f\u306b\u3088\u304f\u3067\u304d\u305f\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3067\u3059\u30024He\u3092\u6e1b\u5727\u3057\u30661K\u306b\u3057\u305f\u9818\u57df\uff081K\u30dd\u30c3\u30c8\uff09\u3092\u4f5c\u308a\u305d\u3053\u30673He\u3092\u6db2\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304b\u30894He\u306b\u6df7\u5408\u3057\u3066\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u3092\u5897\u5927\u3055\u305b\u3001\u65ad\u71b1\u81a8\u5f35\u3068\u985e\u4f3c\u306e\u539f\u7406\u3067\u71b1\u3092\u596a\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u51b7\u5374\u5f8c\u306f\u6e1b\u5727\u3059\u308b\u30683He\u304c\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u6c17\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u30921K\u30dd\u30c3\u30c8\u306b\u9001\u308a\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u304c\u5b8c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u306f\u8d85\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u6709\u540d\u306aHeinz London(\u30dc\u30f3\u5927\u5b66\u2192\u30ca\u30c1\u30b9\u306b\u8ffd\u308f\u308c\u3066\u30aa\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30c9\u5927\u5b66\uff09\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306b\u88fd\u4f5c\u3057\u305f\u306e\u306f\u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u306eLeiden \u5927\u5b66 \u306eKamerlingh Onnes \u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u306fLeiden Institute of Physics)\u3067\u3059\u3002Kamerlingh Onnes\u306f\u82d7\u5b57\u3067\u3001\u30d8\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u6db2\u5316\u3084\u8d85\u4f1d\u5c0e\u306e\u767a\u898b\u30671913\u5e74\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u53d7\u8cde\u8005\u306fHeike Kamerlingh Onnes\u3067\u3059\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u306f\u5efa\u7269\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3001\u30ec\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u540d\u524d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nhttps:\/\/www.universiteitleiden.nl\/en\/locations\/kamerlingh-onnes-building
\n\u6700\u8fd1\u306f\u96fb\u6c17\u5f0f\u306e\u51b7\u51cd\u6a5f\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6db2\u4f53\u30d8\u30ea\u30a6\u30e0\u306e\u4f9b\u7d66\u304c\u4e0d\u8981\u306a\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3082\u5b9f\u7528\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3057\u304f\u307f\u306f\u300c\u71b1\u30b9\u30a4\u30c3\u30c1\u300d\u306a\u3069\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u8a2d\u8a08\u306f\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u660e\u65e5\u8aac\u660e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8a9e\u306fhttps:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dilution_refrigerator
\n\u201dA 3He\/4He dilution refrigerator is a cryogenic device that provides continuous cooling to temperatures as low as 2 mK, with no moving parts in the low-temperature region.[1][2] The cooling power is provided by the heat of mixing of the helium-3 and helium-4 isotopes. \u201d
\ndilute \u30c0\u30a4\u300c\u308a\u3085\u300d\u30fc\u30c8\u3000\u8584\u3044\u3001\u8584\u3081\u308b
\ncryogenic \u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30aa\u300c\u30b8\u30a7\u300d\u30cb\u30c3\u30af\u3000\u4f4e\u6e29\u306e
\n\u201dThere is no fundamental limiting low temperature of dilution refrigerators. Yet the temperature range is limited to about 2 mK for practical reasons. At very low temperatures, both the viscosity and the thermal conductivity of the circulating fluid become larger if the temperature is lowered.\u201d
\nviscosity \u30f4\u30a3\u30b9\u300c\u30b3\u300d\u30b7\u30c6\u30a3\u3000\u7c98\u6027
\n\u201dTo reduce the viscous heating, the diameters of the inlet and outlet tubes of the mixing chamber must go as T\u22123 m, and to get low heat flow the lengths of the tubes should go as T\u22128 m. That means that, to reduce the temperature by a factor 2, one needs to increase the diameter by a factor of 8 and the length by a factor of 256. Hence the volume should be increased by a factor of 2^14 = 16,384. In other words: every cm3 at 2 mK would become 16,384 cm3 at 1 mK. The machines would become very big and very expensive. There is a powerful alternative for cooling below 2 mK: nuclear demagnetization. \u201d
\nnuclear demagnetization \u65ad\u71b1\u6d88\u78c1
\ninlet \u300c\u30a4\u300d\u30f3\u308c\u30c3\u30c8\u3000\u5165\u53e3
\noutlet\u3000\u300c\u30a2\u300d\u30a6\u30c8\u308c\u30c3\u30c8\u3000\u51fa\u53e3
\nincrease the length by a factor of 256 \u3000\u9577\u3055\u306f256\u500d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3053\u306e\u8a00\u3044\u65b9\u306f\u3088\u304f\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002”by”\u3000\u304c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u3067\u3059\uff08\u7a74\u57cb\u3081\u554f\u984c\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\uff09<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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