Operations Research \u306f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u969b\u306e\u82f1\u56fd\u3067\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5175\u7ad9\u3084\u6226\u8853\u7acb\u6848\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002
\nhttps:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81
\n\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u696d\u52d9\uff08operation\uff09\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u5f85\u3061\u884c\u5217\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u306f\u6e0b\u6ede\u306e\u89e3\u6d88\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u300c\u6e0b\u6ede\u3092\u89e3\u6d88\u3059\u308b\u306b\u306f40m\u306e\u8eca\u9593\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u300d\u3092\u5c0e\u3044\u305f\u5f0f\u306f\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u7b49\u306e\u5b9f\u6e2c\u5024\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3060\u3051\u306b\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002
\nhttps:\/\/bookstand.webdoku.jp\/news\/2015\/08\/12\/073000.html
\n\u73fe\u5728OR\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u6d3b\u767a\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u306f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u30a6\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30ca\u6226\u4e89\u3067\u306f\u30c9\u30ed\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u767b\u5834\u306b\u3088\u308a\u6226\u4e89\u306e\u4ed5\u65b9\u304c\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u8fce\u6483\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u3044\u6975\u8d85\u97f3\u901f\u30df\u30b5\u30a4\u30eb(\u30de\u30c3\u30cf10~15\u3001\u6771\u4eac\u5927\u962a\u9593\u304c3\u5206)\u304c\u5148\u9031\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30a8\u30eb\u653b\u6483\u3067\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3001\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3053\u308c\u3082\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306f\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u5747\u8861\u304c\u7834\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5b89\u5b9a\u5316\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304f\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3068\u4e88\u60f3\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u306e\u5168\u54e1\u304c\u8c4a\u304b\u306b\u306a\u308c\u3070\u6226\u4e89\u304c\u7121\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u6628\u4eca\u306e\u69d8\u5b50\u3067\u306f\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30c9\u3084\u4fe1\u6761\u30fb\u5b97\u6559\u304c\u7d61\u3093\u3060\u5c0f\u7af6\u308a\u5408\u3044\u306f\u306a\u304f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u306d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Traffic_congestion
\n“Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.”
\ntraffic congestion \u4ea4\u901a\u6e0b\u6ede
\nvehicular \u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u30ad\u30e5\u3089\u30fc\u3000\u4e57\u308a\u7269\u306e < vehicle \u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u30af\u308b
\nqueue \u30ad\u30e5\u30fc\u3000\u5f85\u3061\u884c\u5217
\n\u201dWhen vehicles are fully stopped for periods of time, this is known as a traffic jam or (informally) a traffic snarl-up or a tailback.\u201d \u203b traffic jam \u306f traffic congestion \u306e\u6fc0\u3057\u3044\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u201dCongested roads can be seen as an example of the tragedy of the commons. Because roads in most places are free at the point of usage, there is little financial incentive for drivers not to over-use them, up to the point where traffic collapses into a jam, when demand becomes limited by opportunity cost.\u201d
\ntragedy of the commons \u300c\u5171\u6709\u5730\u306e\u60b2\u5287\u300d\uff08\u7d4c\u6e08\u5b66\u7528\u8a9e\uff09\u3000\u5171\u6709\u8cc7\u6e90\u306e\u4e71\u7372\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c\u67af\u6e07\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002
\nfinancial incentive \u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4ed8\u3051
\nopportunity cost \u300c\u6a5f\u4f1a\u8cbb\u7528\u300d\u3000\u203b Wikipedia\uff1a\u6a5f\u4f1a\u8cbb\u7528\u306f\u3001\u5e0c\u5c11\u6027\uff08\u4f7f\u3044\u305f\u3044\u91cf\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3048\u308b\u91cf\u304c\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\uff09\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8feb\u3089\u308c\u308b\u9078\u629e\u306b\u969b\u3057\u3066\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u300c\u305d\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u72a0\u7272\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304b\u300d\u8a08\u7b97\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6a5f\u4f1a\u8cbb\u7528\uff08\u6a5f\u4f1a\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\uff09\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u3064\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u3059\u308b\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002
\n\u201dA team of MIT mathematicians has developed a model that describes the formation of “phantom jams”, in which small disturbances (a driver hitting the brake too hard, or getting too close to another car) in heavy traffic can become amplified into a full-blown, self-sustaining traffic jam. \u201d
\nbrake \u30d6\u30ec\u30fc\u30ad
\na full-blown \u672c\u683c\u7684\u306a\u3000blown < blow \u5439\u3044\u3066\u81a8\u3089\u307e\u305b\u308b\u3000\uff1d full-fledged fledge\u306f\u300c\u5de3\u7acb\u3064\u300d
\nself-sustaining \u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u306a\u3001\u3072\u3068\u308a\u3067\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Operations Research \u306f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6226\u306e\u969b\u306e\u82f1\u56fd\u3067\u672c\u683c\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u5175\u7ad9\u3084\u6226\u8853\u7acb\u6848\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81 \u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u7c73\u56fd\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u4f01\u696d\u306e\u696d\u52d9\uff08operation\uff09\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u5316\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6b74\u53f2\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u300c\u5f85\u3061\u884c\u5217\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u306f\u6e0b\u6ede\u306e\u89e3\u6d88\u306b\u4f7f\u3048\u308b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,52],"tags":[23,15],"class_list":["post-2225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-computer","category-economics","tag-computer","tag-economics"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2225\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}