{"id":2105,"date":"2024-12-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"urn:uuid:b1bbef67-c240-45fb-a288-5dd5610f9957"},"modified":"2024-12-20T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T00:00:00","slug":"why-nations-fail-6-di-6zhang-bao-gua-de-zhi-du-nosang-shi-niyorumei-luo-henetiatoromadi-guo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/?p=2105","title":{"rendered":"Why Nations Fail (6)\uff1a\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u3000\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u55aa\u5931\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6ca1\u843d\uff1a\u30d9\u30cd\u30c1\u30a2\u3068\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5e1d\u56fd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u8aad\u66f8 Why Nations Fail 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\/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u306e\u7d42\u7109\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5148\u306e\u4e16\u754c (\u8a69\u60f3\u793e\u65b0\u66f8)\" type=\"text\/html\" width=\"500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen style=\"max-width:100%\" src=\"https:\/\/read.amazon.com.au\/kp\/card?preview=inline&#038;linkCode=kpd&#038;ref_=k4w_oembed_wYaBM7WKV6ktsn&#038;asin=4908170061&#038;tag=kpembed-20\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f\u6b21\u306f\u5b87\u5b99\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3057\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u77e5\u80fd\u306b\u3088\u308b\u77e5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u306e\u98db\u8e8d\u7684\u62e1\u5f35\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u697d\u89b3\u7684\u306b\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u672c\u66f8\u3067\u3044\u3046inclusive institution\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u51e6\u65b9\u7b8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u5e74\u5bc4\u308a\u306f\u79c1\u5fc3\u3092\u6368\u3066\u65b0\u898f\u53c2\u5165\u304c\u5e38\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u306b\u6574\u5099\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u6c5f\u6238\u672b\u671f\u306f\u305d\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff09\u3001\u82e5\u8005\u306f\u5192\u967a\u5fc3\u3092\u5fd8\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&ldquo;How Venice became a museum&rdquo;  \u30d9\u30cd\u30c1\u30a2\u306f\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u535a\u7269\u9928\u306b\u306a\u308a\u4e0b\u304c\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3002<br \/>\n\u201dOne of the key bases for the economic expansion of Venice was a series of contractual innovations making economic institutions much more inclusive.&rdquo;\u3000\u30d9\u30cd\u30c1\u30a2\u306e\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u62e1\u5f35\u306e\u30ab\u30ae\u3068\u306a\u308b\u57fa\u76e4\u306f\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306b\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u305f\u5951\u7d04\u4e0a\u306e\u767a\u660e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u7d4c\u6e08\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u3069\u3093\u3069\u3093\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n&ldquo;Young entrepreneurs who did not have wealth themselves could then get into the trading business by traveling with the merchandise.&rdquo;<br \/>\n\u81ea\u5206\u3067\u5bcc\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u82e5\u3044\u8d77\u696d\u5bb6\u306f\u305d\u308c\u3067\u5546\u54c1\u3068\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u65c5\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8cbf\u6613\u696d\u306b\u53c2\u5165\u3067\u304d\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u201dOther goods on the ships and the ship itself can sometimes be dated using radiocarbon dating, a powerful technique used by archaeologists to date the age of organic remains.&rdquo;<br \/>\nradiocarbon dating \u70ad\u7d2014\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5e74\u4ee3\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6cd5<br \/>\narchaeologists \u30a2\u30fc\u30ad\u300c\u30aa\u300d\u308d\u30b8\u30b9\u30c4\u3000\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u8005<br \/>\nremains \u907a\u7269<br \/>\nRoman \u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u306e<br \/>\nCarthaginian \u30ab\u30eb\u30bf\u30b4\u306e<br \/>\n\u201dBut Roman growth was unsustainable, occurring under institutions that were partially inclusive and partially extractive.  Though Roman citizens had political and economic rights, slavery was widespread and very extractive, and the elite, the senatorial class, dominated both the economy and politics.  Despite the presence of the Plebeian Assembly and plebeian tribute&hellip;&rdquo;<br \/>\nRoman citizens \u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5e02\u6c11<br \/>\nslavery \u5974\u96b7\u5236<br \/>\nsenatorial class \u5143\u8001\u9662\u968e\u7d1a<br \/>\ndominate \u300c\u30c9\u300d\u30df\u30cd\u30a4\u30c8\u3000\u72ec\u5360\u3059\u308b<br \/>\ndespite &hellip; ~\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a<br \/>\nPlebeian Assembly \u30d7\u308a\u300c\u30d3\u300d\u30fc\u30a2\u30f3\u3000\u5e73\u6c11\u8b70\u4f1a<br \/>\nplebeian tribute \u8b77\u6c11\u5b98\u3000\u3000tribute \u8cde\u8cdb\u3001\u5e74\u8ca2\uff08\u306d\u3093\u3050\uff09\u3001\u8ca2\u7269\uff08\u307f\u3064\u304e\u3082\u306e\uff09<br \/>\n\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u8aad\u66f8 Why Nations Fail \u4eca\u9031\u306f6\u7ae0\u3001\u76ee\u304b\u3089\u3046\u308d\u3053\u306e\u8003\u5bdf\u304c\u7d9a\u304f\u7ae0\u3067\u3059\u3002\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u53d6\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e2d\u4e16\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u56fd\u5bb6\u30d9\u30cd\u30c1\u30a2\u3068\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5e1d\u56fd\u672c\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u30d9\u30cd\u30c1\u30a2\u306f\u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2\u3092\u9577\u9774\u306b\u898b\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ed8\u3051\u6839\u306e\u5f8c\u308d\u5074\uff08\u6771\u5074\uff09\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u6e2f\u753a\u3067\u3059\u3002AD810\u5e74\u306b\u6771\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5e1d\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u72ec\u7acb\u3092\u679c\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff08\u3053\u306e\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u3067\u3059\uff09\u30021310\u5e74\u306b\u4e00\u7a2e\u306e\u8cb4\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u304c\u78ba\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7e41\u6804\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u5e1d\u56fd\u5d29\u58ca\u5f8c\u9014\u7d76\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u306e\u516c\u76ca\u3092\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u306e\u7acb\u5834\u3092\u751f\u304b\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u624b\u306b\u62c5\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u305f\u305f\u3081\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u7e41\u6804\u304c\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7279\u306b\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u308b\u8cc7\u672c\u5bb6\u3068\u8239\u306b\u306e\u308b\u7121\u540d\u30fb\u7121\u7523\u306e\u5546\u4eba\u304c\u30da\u30a2\u3092\u7d44\u3080\u5236\u5ea6\u304c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8a98\u767a\u3057&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-2105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-whynationsfail","tag-whynationsfail"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2105","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2105\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}