\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u8aad\u66f8 Why Nations Fail \u4eca\u9031\u306f5\u7ae0\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53ce\u596a\u7684\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u6210\u9577\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3001\u6210\u9577\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u60b2\u5287\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u30bd\u9023\u3067\u3059\u3002\u672c\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e0b\u8a18\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u72ec\u88c1\u21921917\u5e74\u30dc\u30ea\u30b7\u30a7\u30d3\u30ad\u9769\u547d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u72ec\u88c1\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u2192\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u518d\u6574\u7406\u3057\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u8a08\u753b\uff08\u7c73\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4f7f\u7bc0\u304c\u300c\u79c1\u306f\u672a\u6765\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3001\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672a\u6765\u3092 I’ve seen the future. It works\u300d\u3068\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\uff09\u21921928\u5e74\u304b\u30891960\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u5e74\uff16\uff05\u306eGDP\u6210\u9577\u21921970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u505c\u6ede\u306b\u9665\u308b\u21921988\u5e74\u306b\u5d29\u58ca\u2192\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u2192\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3000\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u505c\u6ede\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u767a\u60f3\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u767a\u660e\u30fb\u6539\u826f\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\uff08\u52d5\u6a5f\u3065\u3051\uff09\u304c\u50cd\u304b\u305a\u3001\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\uff08\u6280\u8853\u9769\u65b0\uff09\u304c\u6b20\u5982\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3002\u4f8b\u5916\u306f\u8ecd\u4e8b\u30fb\u822a\u7a7a\u6280\u8853\u3068\u6b66\u5668\uff08AK47\uff09\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3053\u306b\u306f\u5927\u5909\u306a\u52aa\u529b\u3067\u512a\u79c0\u306a\u4eba\u6750\u3068\u8cc7\u6e90\u304c\u6295\u5165\u3055\u308c\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3060\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u30bd\u9023\u306e\u6307\u5c0e\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u306f\u3058\u3081\u306f\u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u304c\u7121\u304f\u3066\u3082\u50cd\u304f\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u306e\u7537\u5973\u300d\u3092\u4f5c\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u30011931\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3042\u304d\u3089\u3081\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u308c\u304b\u3089\u8a08\u753b\uff08\uff15\u304b\u5e74\u8a08\u753b\u3001\u30b4\u30b9\u30d7\u30e9\u30f3\uff09\u306e\u5272\u308a\u5f53\u3066\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u305f\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u306f\u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9\u304c\u652f\u6255\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u30015\u304b\u5e74\u8a08\u753b\u306b\u306f\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u5165\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u767a\u660e\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6\u304c\u50cd\u304b\u305a\u306b\u505c\u6ede\u304c\u8d77\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u5229\u6f64\u3092\u52d5\u6a5f\u3068\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u4f01\u696d\u306b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5229\u6f64\u306e\u8a08\u7b97\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u4fa1\u683c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304c\u5e02\u5834\u3068\u5207\u308a\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u3044\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u751f\u7523\u6027\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9006\u306b\u6020\u3051\u8005\u306b\u7f70\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u9032\u307f\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306f\u751f\u307e\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002
\n\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6559\u8a13\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a08\u753b\u3057\u306a\u3044\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u751f\u3080\u306b\u306f\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u5e02\u5834\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u3044\u304f\u552f\u4e00\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u4f01\u696d\u3067\u3082\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u4e88\u7b97\u8a08\u753b\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3068\u3001\u8a08\u753b\u306f\u7acb\u3066\u305a\u306b\u90fd\u5ea6\u7a1f\u8b70\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u652f\u51fa\u3092\u6c7a\u3081\u308b\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u6210\u9577\u304c\u901f\u3044\u306e\u306f\u90fd\u5ea6\u7a1f\u8b70\u306e\u65b9\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6211\u3005\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306f\u30a4\u30ce\u30d9\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u306e\u304c\u5f79\u5272\u3060\u3068\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u300c\u30bb\u30ec\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30d4\u30c6\u30a3\uff08\u5076\u7136\u306e\u767a\u898b\uff09\u306f\u8a08\u753b\u3067\u304d\u308b\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b66\u8005\u3082\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u5831\u916c\u3092\u9069\u5207\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u65e9\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\n\u7b2c\uff15\u7ae0\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u3082\u30b3\u30f3\u30b4\u306e2\u3064\u306e\u90e8\u65cf\uff08\u5317\u6597\u306e\u62f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u3068\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u30e1\u30bd\u30dd\u30bf\u30df\u30a2\u306e\u6c17\u5019\u6e29\u6696\u5316\u3068\u5b9a\u4f4f\u306e\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30de\u30e4\u6587\u660e\u306a\u3069\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u767a\u751f\u306b\u4f34\u3046\u6025\u901f\u306a\u6210\u9577\u3068\u6210\u9577\u306e\u9650\u754c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u60b2\u5287\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u306b\u3088\u308b\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u767a\u5c55\u2192\u5bcc\u306e\u96c6\u4e2d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u30c8\u5c64\u306e\u4e89\u3044\u2192\u90fd\u5e02\u9593\u306e\u6226\u4e71\u2192\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u304c\u30de\u30e4\u6587\u660e\u306e\u6b74\u53f2\u3067\u3059\uff09\u304c\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u306a\u4f8b\u3067\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5b89\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u793e\u4f1a\u306f\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5fc5\u8981\u3060\u304c\u3001\u9650\u754c\u306e\u306a\u3044\u7d4c\u6e08\u767a\u5c55\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u306f\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u306a\u81ea\u7531\u304c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u306e\u304c\u7d50\u8ad6\u3067\u3059\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u304c\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u9053\u7b4b\u306f\u7d30\u304f\u3001\u300c\u5be1\u982d\u5236\u306e\u9244\u5247\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u60aa\u5faa\u74b0\u306b\u9665\u308b\u4f8b\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\uff08\uff14\u7ae0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
vet = evaluate \u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b
\n“History is full of examples of revolutions and radical movements replacing one tyranny with another, in a pattern that the German sociologist Robert Michels dubbed the iron law of oligarchy, a particularly pernicious form of the vicious circle.”
\ntyranny \u66b4\u541b
\ndubbed \u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u305f
\noligarchy \u5be1\u982d\u5236
\npernicious\u3000\u30d1\u30fc\u30cb\u30b7\u30e3\u30b9\u3000\u6709\u5bb3\u306a\u3001\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u3000= exceedingly harmful
\na vicious circle \u3000\u60aa\u5faa\u74b0\u3000\u30f4\u30a1\u30a4\u30b7\u30e3\u30b9\uff1dimmoral\u975e\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u306a, deliberately cruel or violent\u3000\u6545\u610f\u306b\u6b8b\u9177\u3067\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u306a
\n\u201dMoreover, as early as 1931 he(=Stalin) gave up on the idea of creating “socialist men and women” who would work without monetary incentives.”
\nmonetary \u30de\u30cd\u30bf\u30ea\u30fc\u3000\u91d1\u92ad\u7684\u306a
\nincentives \u30a4\u30f3\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30d6
\nwage \u30a6\u30a7\u30a4\u30b8\u3000\u8cc3\u91d1
\nbonus \u30dc\u30fc\u30ca\u30b9
\n\u201dThe soviet union was able to generate raid growth even under extractive institutions because the Bolsheviks built a a powerful centralized state and used it to allocate resources toward industry.”
\na powerful centralized state \u5f37\u529b\u306a\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6a29\u56fd\u5bb6
\nallocate \u300c\u30a2\u300d\u308d\u30b1\u30a4\u30c8\u3000\u914d\u5206\u3059\u308b
\n\u201dThe Mayas were skilled builders who independently invented cement…. These researchers mapped the rise and fall of Copan city by examining the spread of the settlement in the Copan Valley over a period of 850 years, from AD400 to AD 1250, using a technique called obsidian hydration, which calculates the water content of obsidian on the date it was mined…. The overwhelming fact about the Maya collapse is that it coincides with the overthrow of the political model based on the k’uhul ajaw (=holy king)…. At around AD810 the royal palaces were abandoned.”
\ncement \u30bb\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8
\nsettlement \u96c6\u843d
\nobsidian\u3000\u9ed2\u66dc\u77f3
\nhydration \u6c34\u548c
\nbe mined \u6398\u308a\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u305f
\nMaya collapse\u3000\u30de\u30e4\u6587\u660e\u306e\u5d29\u58ca
\noverthrow \u6295\u3052\u6368\u3066\u308b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u91d1\u66dc\u65e5\u306e\u8aad\u66f8 Why Nations Fail \u4eca\u9031\u306f5\u7ae0\u3067\u3059\u3002\u53ce\u596a\u7684\u306a\u653f\u6cbb\u7d4c\u6e08\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u6210\u9577\u306e\u9650\u754c\u3068\u3001\u6210\u9577\u304c\u7d42\u308f\u308b\u6642\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u60b2\u5287\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8aac\u660e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u521d\u306e\u4f8b\u306f\u30bd\u9023\u3067\u3059\u3002\u672c\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3092\u5358\u7d14\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4e0b\u8a18\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u5e1d\u653f\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u306e\u72ec\u88c1\u21921917\u5e74\u30dc\u30ea\u30b7\u30a7\u30d3\u30ad\u9769\u547d\u306b\u3088\u308b\u72ec\u88c1\u306e\u6210\u7acb\u2192\u7d4c\u6e08\u3092\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u518d\u6574\u7406\u3057\u767a\u5c55\u3092\u8a08\u753b\uff08\u7c73\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4f7f\u7bc0\u304c\u300c\u79c1\u306f\u672a\u6765\u3092\u898b\u305f\u3001\u4e0a\u624b\u304f\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u672a\u6765\u3092 I’ve seen the future. It works\u300d\u3068\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\uff09\u21921928\u5e74\u304b\u30891960\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u5e74\uff16\uff05\u306eGDP\u6210\u9577\u21921970\u5e74\u4ee3\u306b\u505c\u6ede\u306b\u9665\u308b\u21921988\u5e74\u306b\u5d29\u58ca\u2192\u30ed\u30b7\u30a2\u2192\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u3000\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u505c\u6ede\u306e\u7406\u7531\u306f\u3001\u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306b\u767a\u60f3\u3092…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[32],"class_list":["post-2100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-whynationsfail","tag-whynationsfail"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2100\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}