\u4eca\u9031\u306emiRNA\u306e\u767a\u898b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u540c\u3058\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7dda\u866b\u3092\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u7d20\u6750\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u305fProf. Robert Horvitz\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3067\u3001Horvitz\u306f2002\u5e74\u306b\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7dda\u866b\u306f\u5b9f\u4f53\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3067\u3001\u900f\u660e\u306a\u751f\u7269\u3067\u3059\u3050\u5185\u90e8\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001X\u7dda\u3084\u85ac\u54c1\u3067\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u697d\u3001\u3059\u3050\u5897\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u98fc\u3046\u306e\u304c\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3069\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08\u4f7f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u306e\u306fHorvitz\u306e\u30dc\u30b9\u306eSydney Brenner, \u5144\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5b50\u306eJohn Sulston\u3068\uff13\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u53d7\u8cde\uff09\u3002\u6211\u3005\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u666e\u901a\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u7cfb\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306e\u304c\u5927\u5207\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u5927\u304d\u306a\u751f\u7269\u3060\u3068\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u4e8b\u3088\u308a\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u75be\u75c5\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5411\u304d\u307e\u3059\u306d\u3002
\n\u79c1\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5b9a\u756a\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u7d20\u6750\u306f
\n\u5927\u8178\u83cc\uff08E. coli\u3000\u30a4\u30fc\u300c\u30b3\u30a6\u300d\u3089\u30a4\uff09, \u9175\u6bcd(yeast),\u7dda\u866b(C. elegance),\u30b7\u30e7\u30a6\u30b8\u30e7\u30a6\u30d0\u30a8\uff08Drosophila\u3000\u30c9\u30ed\u300c\u30bd\u300d\u30d5\u30a3\u3089 = fruit fly\uff09,\u30bc\u30d6\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff08zebra fish \u300c\u30ba\u30a3\u300d\u30d6\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff09, \u30e9\u30c3\u30c8(Rat) \u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u4f55\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u304b\u304c\u9055\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9175\u6bcd\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30b8\u30fc\u306e\u767a\u898b\u3067\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002miRNA\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u306e\u5236\u5fa1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u306b\u306f\u7dda\u866b\u304c\u6700\u5c0f\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002
\n1993\u5e74\u306b\u6700\u521d\u306emiRNA\u3092\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u540c\u3058\u96d1\u8a8c\u306b\uff12\u3064\u306e\u9023\u7d9a\u8ad6\u6587\u3068\u3057\u3066\u767a\u8868\uff08\u9023\u7d61\u306f\u53d6\u308a\u3042\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\uff09\u3002\u5375\u304c\u6392\u51fa\u3067\u304d\u305a\u306b\u4f53\u5185\u306b\u6e9c\u307e\u308b\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u306e\u539f\u56e0\u3092\u8ffd\u3044\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u3066\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u307e\u3067\u306f\u7dda\u866b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u73fe\u8c61\u306e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u9650\u3089\u308c\u305f\u611b\u597d\u5bb6\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u60f3\u50cf\u3057\u307e\u3059\u30022\u500b\u76ee\u306emiRNA\u306f2000\u5e74\u767a\u898b\u3067\u30012\u500b\u76ee\u306emiRNA\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u914d\u5217\u306f\u30d2\u30c8\u3092\u542b\u3080\u591a\u304f\u306e\u52d5\u7269\u304c\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u767a\u8868\u3057\uff08\u540c\u30582000\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u30d6\u30fc\u30e0\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u73fe\u5728\u307e\u3067\u306e24\u5e74\u306750000\u7a2e\u985e\u306emiRNA\u304c\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u308f\u3051\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u6559\u8a13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u9a13\u7cfb\u3092\u4f7f\u3048\u3070\u52b9\u7387\u3088\u304f\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3088\u304f\u8003\u3048\u3088\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u304b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u306a\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3067\u3082\u3001\u88fd\u54c1\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3082\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3057\u3087\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mutagenesis_(molecular_biology_technique)\u304b\u3089\u3002
\n\u201dIn molecular biology, mutagenesis is an important laboratory technique whereby DNA mutations are deliberately engineered to produce libraries of mutant genes, proteins, strains of bacteria, or other genetically modified organisms.\u201d
\nmutagenesis
\nmutation \u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570
\ndeliberately \u30c7\u300c\u308a\u300d\u30d9\u30ec\u30a4\u30c8\u308a\u3000\u308f\u3056\u3068\u3001\u6545\u610f\u306b\u3000=on purpose\u3000
\nlibraries \u3053\u308c\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3067\u3082\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u3068\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002
\nstrains of bacteria\u3000\u7d30\u83cc\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71
\norganism \u751f\u7269\u4f53
\n“Initially, the kind of mutations artificially induced in the laboratory were entirely random using mechanisms such as UV irradiation. ”
\n initially \u5f53\u521d\u306f
\nentirely \u30a8\u30f3\u300c\u30bf\u300d\u30a4\u30a2\u308a\u3000\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u3001\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f
\nUV irradiation \u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u7167\u5c04
\n“Since 2013, development of the CRISPR\/Cas9 technology, based on a prokaryotic viral defense system, has allowed for the editing or mutagenesis of a genome in vivo.”
\nprokaryotic \u30d7\u30ed\u30ab\u30ea\u300c\u30aa\u300d\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3000\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u306e
\nviral defense system \u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30b9\u9632\u5fa1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0
\nin vivo \u751f\u4f53\u5185\u3067
\ngenome \u30b2\u30ce\u30e0
\nCRISPER\/Cas9 \u203b 2020\u5e74\u306e\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u5316\u5b66\u8cde\u3000\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u7de8\u96c6\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002
\n“Combinatorial mutagenesis is a site-directed protein engineering technique whereby multiple mutants of a protein can be simultaneously engineered based on analysis of the effects of additive individual mutations. It provides a useful method to assess the combinatorial effect of a large number of mutations on protein function.”
\ncombinatorial \u30b3\u30f3\u30d3\u30ca\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u3000\u3067\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u540c\u6642\u306b\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u3082\u306e\u3092\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u8ad6\u7684\u306b\u767a\u751f\u3055\u305b\u3001\u4e00\u6c17\u306b\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nassess \u30a2\u300c\u30bb\u300d\u30b9\u3000\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3000assessment \u30a2\u30bb\u30b9\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8
\n“The insertion of one or more base pairs, resulting in DNA mutations, is also known as insertional mutagenesis. Engineered mutations such as these can provide important information in cancer research, such as mechanistic insights into the development of the disease. Retroviruses and transposons are the chief instrumental tools in insertional mutagenesis. ”
\ninsertion \u30a4\u30f3\u300c\u30b5\u300d\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3000\u633f\u5165
\nbase pair \u5869\u57fa\u5bfe\u3000\uff08\uff13\u3064\u30671\u3064\u306e\u30a2\u30df\u30ce\u9178\u3092\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\uff11\u3064\u5165\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8aad\u307f\u65b9\u304c\u305a\u308c\u3066\u3081\u3061\u3083\u304f\u3061\u3083\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff09
\nmechanistic \u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3000\u6a5f\u68b0\u8ad6\u7684\u306a\u3001\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u5916\u90e8\u5fdc\u7b54\u304b\u3089\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u3000\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3088\u304f\u8ad6\u6587\u306b\u51fa\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u8a33\u3057\u306b\u304f\u3044\u8a00\u8449\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002
\nretroviruses \u30ec\u30c8\u30ed\u30a6\u30a3\u30eb\u30b9
\ntransposons \u30c8\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u30dd\u30be\u30f3\u3000https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4eca\u9031\u306emiRNA\u306e\u767a\u898b\u8005\u305f\u3061\u306f\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u540c\u3058\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306b\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7dda\u866b\u3092\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u306e\u7d20\u6750\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u6210\u679c\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u305fProf. Robert Horvitz\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3067\u3001Horvitz\u306f2002\u5e74\u306b\u30ce\u30fc\u30d9\u30eb\u8cde\u3092\u3082\u3089\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7dda\u866b\u306f\u5b9f\u4f53\u9855\u5fae\u93e1\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3044\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3067\u3001\u900f\u660e\u306a\u751f\u7269\u3067\u3059\u3050\u5185\u90e8\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001X\u7dda\u3084\u85ac\u54c1\u3067\u7a81\u7136\u5909\u7570\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\u3057\u3066\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u697d\u3001\u3059\u3050\u5897\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u98fc\u3046\u306e\u304c\u7c21\u5358\u306a\u3069\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\uff08\u4f7f\u3044\u59cb\u3081\u305f\u306e\u306fHorvitz\u306e\u30dc\u30b9\u306eSydney Brenner, \u5144\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5b50\u306eJohn Sulston\u3068\uff13\u4eba\u540c\u6642\u53d7\u8cde\uff09\u3002\u6211\u3005\u3067\u3044\u3046\u3068\u7269\u8cea\u306f\u666e\u901a\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5b9f\u9a13\u7cfb\u3092\u9078\u3076\u306e\u304c\u5927\u5207…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,46],"tags":[4,9],"class_list":["post-2057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historicalfigures","category-bio","tag-historicalfigures","tag-bio"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2057"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2057\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}