{"id":2012,"date":"2024-07-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-31T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"urn:uuid:7c01d1b1-ed6b-4d19-b6d4-5a2677d64c20"},"modified":"2024-07-31T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-31T00:00:00","slug":"herutiexiao-guo-toxin-cai-liao-kai-fa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/?p=2012","title":{"rendered":"\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u52b9\u679c\u3068\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u958b\u767a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u500b\u4eba\u7528\u306e\u51b7\u623f\u5668\u5177\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u9996\u306b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u6247\u98a8\u6a5f\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u3082\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u6691\u3044\u6642\u306f\u30c0\u30e1\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u975e\u529b\u306a\u51b7\u623f\u3067\u3082\u6211\u6162\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u305f\u611f\u3058\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<br 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heating)\u3082\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e0a\u8a1810W\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u767a\u71b1\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u305f\u71b1\u3092\u5916\u306b\u653e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u30d5\u30a1\u30f3\u304c\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3066\u3001\u71b1\u98a8\u304c\u5916\u5074\u306b\u5674\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u306f\u305a\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u96fb\u529b\u3082\u554f\u984c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e0a\u8a18\u5546\u54c1\u306f10000Ah\u306e\u30ea\u30c1\u30a6\u30e0\u96fb\u6e90\u30673\u6642\u9593\u3057\u304b\u3082\u305f\u306a\u3044\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u7d20\u5b50\u306e\u52b9\u7387\u3092\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u304a\u3053\u306a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8003\u3048\u65b9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u9ad8\u30c9\u30fc\u30d7\u3055\u308c\u305f\u534a\u5c0e\u4f53\u3067\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001<br \/>\n(1)\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u6d41\u304c\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\uff08\uff1d\u71b1\u00f7\u7d76\u5bfe\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u3092\u8f38\u9001\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u30a8\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30d4\u30fc\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u7269\u8cea\u3092\u63a2\u3059<br \/>\n(2)\u4f4e\u6e29\u5074\u3068\u9ad8\u6e29\u5074\u306e\u9593\u3067\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3068\u305b\u3063\u304b\u304f\u51b7\u305f\u3044\u5074\u3068\u71b1\u3044\u5074\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306b\u5143\u306b\u623b\u308d\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u3092\u4f4e\u304f\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(3)\u96fb\u5b50\u304c\u6d41\u308c\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3068Joule heating\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u3063\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u3092\u4e0b\u3052\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n(4) (2)(3)\u306e\u5b9f\u73fe\u306b\u306f\u3001\u71b1\u4f1d\u5c0e\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u30d5\u30a9\u30ce\u30f3\u3068\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u3092\u4f5c\u308b\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u306e\u5e73\u5747\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u7a0b\u306f\u9055\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u30d5\u30a9\u30ce\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u7121\u79e9\u5e8f\u306a\u30a2\u30e2\u30eb\u30d5\u30a1\u30b9\u306b\u898b\u3048\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u7d50\u6676\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u7269\u8cea phonon glass electron crystal\u3092\u4f5c\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u306f\u30ca\u30ce\u30ef\u30a4\u30e4\u306e\u8907\u5408\u4f53\u306a\u3069\u304c\u6709\u671b\u3002<br \/>\n(5)\u30a8\u30cd\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc\u306e\u4f4e\u3044\u96fb\u5b50\u306f\u71b1\u3092\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306b\u8f38\u9001\u3057\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u305b\u304d\u6b62\u3081\u308b\u307b\u3046\u304c\u826f\u3044\uff08Energy filtering effect\uff09\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f10\u5e74\u304f\u3089\u3044\u524d\u304b\u3089\u6ce8\u76ee\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e0a\u8a18(1)~(5)\u306f\u5b66\u554f\u7684\u306b\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b3\u30f3\u30bb\u30d7\u30c8\u3060\uff01\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8ad6\u6587\u304c\u30ef\u30fc\u30c3\u3068\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u7528\u306b\u306f\u306a\u304b\u306a\u304b\u7d50\u3073\u4ed8\u304b\u305a\u3001\u7523\u696d\u754c\u306f\u65b0\u7269\u8cea\u63a2\u7d22\u306b\u306f\u61d0\u7591\u7684\u3060\u3068\u805e\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001Bi2Te3-Sb2Se3\u7b49\u306e\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7cfb\u306e\u5b9f\u7528\u54c1\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306f\u76db\u3093\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u9996\u3092\u51b7\u3084\u3059\u3082\u306e\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u306f\u3001https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermoelectric_effect \u304b\u3089\u3002wikipedia \u3082\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u304c\u898b\u306a\u3044\u9805\u76ee\u3060\u3068\u7269\u8b70\u3092\u304b\u3082\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306freference\u304c\u4e0d\u8db3\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u554f\u984c\u306f\u3042\u308b\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3088\u304f\u307e\u3068\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u201dThis article needs additional citations for verification.&rdquo;<br \/>\nverification \u8a3c\u660e<br \/>\n&ldquo;he term &ldquo;thermoelectric effect&rdquo; encompasses three separately identified effects: the Seebeck effect (temperature differences causes electromotive forces), the Peltier effect (thermocouples create temperature differences), and the Thomson effect (the Seebeck coefficient varies with temperature). &rdquo;<br \/>\nencompass \uff5e\u306b\u6e21\u308b\u3001\uff5e\u3092\u7db2\u7f85\u3059\u308b<br \/>\nelectromotive forces\u3000\u8d77\u96fb\u529b\u3000\u306e\u82f1\u8a33\u3067\u3059\u3002EMF\u3068\u7565\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n&ldquo;The Peltier coefficients represent how much heat is carried per unit charge. &rdquo;<br \/>\nper unit charge \u5358\u4f4d\u96fb\u8377\u3042\u305f\u308a\u306b<br \/>\n&ldquo;Thermoelectric heat pumps exploit this phenomenon, as do thermoelectric cooling devices found in refrigerators.&rdquo;<br \/>\nexploit \u53d7\u9a13\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u643e\u53d6\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u7fd2\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u300c\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3092\u5f37\u3081\u305f\u610f\u5473\u3067\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\nrefrigerator \u51b7\u8535\u5eab\u3001\u51b7\u51cd\u6a5f\u3000\u767a\u97f3\u306f\u53e3\u6163\u3089\u3057\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3079\u304d\u5358\u8a9e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u300c\u30d5\u30ea\u30c3\u30b8\u300d\u3067\u3082\u901a\u3058\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n&ldquo;Such refrigerators are useful in applications where their advantages outweigh the disadvantage of their very low efficiency.&rdquo;<br \/>\noutweigh = out + weigh \u30a2\u30a6\u30c8\u300c\u30a6\u30a7\u300d\u30a4\u3000\uff5e\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3000weigh \u306f\u91cd\u3055\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n&ldquo;The second Thomson relation is \u03a0=TS.<br \/>\nThis relation expresses a subtle and fundamental connection between the Peltier and Seebeck effects. It was not satisfactorily proven until the advent of the Onsager relations, and it is worth noting that this second Thomson relation is only guaranteed for a time-reversal symmetric material; if the material is placed in a magnetic field or is itself magnetically ordered&rdquo;<br \/>\nOnsager relations \u30aa\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30ac\u2015\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u5f0f\u3000\uff08\u30aa\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30ac\u2015\u306e\u76f8\u53cd\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u3068\u3082\u3044\u3046\uff09\u3000\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u71b1\u529b\u5b66\u306e\u57fa\u672c\u5f0f\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\ntime-reversal symmetry \u6642\u9593\u53cd\u8ee2\u5bfe\u79f0\u6027<br \/>\n\u203b\u3053\u3053\u306b\u78c1\u6027\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3067\u3059\u306d\u3002\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u306a\u308b\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u884c\u304f\u306a\u3089\u3070\u3044\u3044\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3002\u3058\u3063\u304f\u308a\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u500b\u4eba\u7528\u306e\u51b7\u623f\u5668\u5177\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u3070\u9996\u306b\u304b\u3051\u308b\u6247\u98a8\u6a5f\u3067\u3001\u79c1\u3082\u8cb7\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u6691\u3044\u6642\u306f\u30c0\u30e1\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u975e\u529b\u306a\u51b7\u623f\u3067\u3082\u6211\u6162\u3067\u304d\u308b\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u305f\u611f\u3058\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u9996\u3092\u51b7\u3084\u3059\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u7d20\u5b50\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u3060\u8cb7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\u3001\u8133\u306b\u884c\u304f\u8840\u6d41\u3092\u51b7\u3084\u3059\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610f\u5473\u3067\u306f\u52b9\u679c\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u8a55\u4fa1\u30b3\u30e1\u30f3\u30c8\u3082\u307e\u3042\u307e\u3042\u3067\u3059\u3002 \u305f\u3060\u3001\u9996\u306f1\u3064\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u6247\u98a8\u6a5f\u578b\u3068\u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u578b\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u308f\u3051\u306b\u306f\u3044\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u5408\u4f53\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u30012\u4e07\u5186\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u9ad8\u984d\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30da\u30eb\u30c1\u30a8\u7d20\u5b50\u306f\u71b1\u3092\u8f38\u9001\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u96fb\u6c17\u62b5\u6297\u306b\u3088\u308b\u767a\u71b1(Joule heating)\u3082\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3046\u306e\u3067\u3001\u4e0a\u8a1810W\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u767a\u71b1\u304c\u52a0\u308f\u3063\u305f\u71b1\u3092\u5916\u306b\u653e\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,44],"tags":[5,7],"class_list":["post-2012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tech","category-materials","tag-tech","tag-materials"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2012\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sekaiken.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}